Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	19
Number of observations	169909
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	24.6 MiB
Average record size in memory	152.0 B

Variable types

NUM	13
CAT	4
BOOL	2

Warnings

`artists` has a high cardinality: 33375 distinct values	High cardinality
`name` has a high cardinality: 132940 distinct values	High cardinality
`release_date` has a high cardinality: 10882 distinct values	High cardinality
`name` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`id` has unique values	Unique
`instrumentalness` has 46087 (27.1%) zeros	Zeros
`key` has 21499 (12.7%) zeros	Zeros
`popularity` has 27357 (16.1%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-12-28 07:40:58.814706
Analysis finished	2020-12-28 07:41:53.255420
Duration	54.44 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

acousticness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	4714
Distinct (%)	2.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.4932139761
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.996
Zeros	21
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.00144
Q1	0.0945
median	0.492
Q3	0.888
95-th percentile	0.992
Maximum	0.996
Range	0.996
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7935

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3766270623
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.7636179844
Kurtosis	-1.613842362
Mean	0.4932139761
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.397
Skewness	0.008720481123
Sum	83801.49347
Variance	0.1418479441
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.995	3036	1.8%
0.994	2290	1.3%
0.993	1741	1.0%
0.992	1498	0.9%
0.991	1261	0.7%
0.99	1171	0.7%
0.996	1048	0.6%
0.989	1031	0.6%
0.988	913	0.5%
0.987	811	0.5%
Other values (4704)	155109	91.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	21	< 0.1%
1e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.01e-06	3	< 0.1%
1.03e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.05e-06	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.996	1048	0.6%
0.995	3036	1.8%
0.994	2290	1.3%
0.993	1741	1.0%
0.992	1498	0.9%

artists
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	33375
Distinct (%)	19.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

['Эрнест Хемингуэй']	1215
['Francisco Canaro']	938
['Эрих Мария Ремарк']	781
['Ignacio Corsini']	620
['Frank Sinatra']	592
Other values (33370)	165763

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
['Эрнест Хемингуэй']	1215	0.7%
['Francisco Canaro']	938	0.6%
['Эрих Мария Ремарк']	781	0.5%
['Ignacio Corsini']	620	0.4%
['Frank Sinatra']	592	0.3%
['Bob Dylan']	539	0.3%
['The Rolling Stones']	512	0.3%
['Johnny Cash']	502	0.3%
['The Beach Boys']	491	0.3%
['Elvis Presley']	488	0.3%
Other values (33365)	163231	96.1%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	19572 ?
Unique (%)	11.5%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	661
Median length	17
Mean length	23.32801676
Min length	5

danceability
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1232
Distinct (%)	0.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.5381497172
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.988
Zeros	147
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.233
Q1	0.417
median	0.548
Q3	0.667
95-th percentile	0.813
Maximum	0.988
Range	0.988
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.175345782
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3258308542
Kurtosis	-0.4251858742
Mean	0.5381497172
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.125
Skewness	-0.2128955812
Sum	91436.4803
Variance	0.03074614328
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.565	436	0.3%
0.578	413	0.2%
0.612	410	0.2%
0.559	401	0.2%
0.556	399	0.2%
0.602	397	0.2%
0.61	397	0.2%
0.622	397	0.2%
0.545	393	0.2%
0.546	391	0.2%
Other values (1222)	165875	97.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	0.1%
0.0551	1	< 0.1%
0.0559	2	< 0.1%
0.0562	1	< 0.1%
0.0569	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.988	1	< 0.1%
0.986	2	< 0.1%
0.985	1	< 0.1%
0.982	1	< 0.1%
0.98	3	< 0.1%

duration_ms
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	50212
Distinct (%)	29.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	231406.159
Minimum	5108
Maximum	5403500
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5108
5-th percentile	111987
Q1	171040
median	208600
Q3	262960
95-th percentile	410181.4
Maximum	5403500
Range	5398392
Interquartile range (IQR)	91920

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	121321.9232
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5242813059
Kurtosis	116.0062337
Mean	231406.159
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	44173
Skewness	6.48952671
Sum	3.931798906e+10
Variance	1.471900905e+10
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
192000	55	< 0.1%
180000	53	< 0.1%
240000	50	< 0.1%
186000	50	< 0.1%
184000	49	< 0.1%
160000	47	< 0.1%
168000	46	< 0.1%
169000	45	< 0.1%
170000	44	< 0.1%
175000	44	< 0.1%
Other values (50202)	169426	99.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5108	1	< 0.1%
5991	1	< 0.1%
6362	1	< 0.1%
6467	1	< 0.1%
8853	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5403500	1	< 0.1%
4270034	1	< 0.1%
4269407	1	< 0.1%
4120258	2	< 0.1%
3816373	1	< 0.1%

energy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	2332
Distinct (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.4885931304
Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	10
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0765
Q1	0.263
median	0.481
Q3	0.71
95-th percentile	0.925
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.447

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.267389933
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5472650276
Kurtosis	-1.097612674
Mean	0.4885931304
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.223
Skewness	0.07736834862
Sum	83016.37019
Variance	0.07149737625
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.28	236	0.1%
0.459	234	0.1%
0.254	234	0.1%
0.341	233	0.1%
0.299	233	0.1%
0.306	232	0.1%
0.245	230	0.1%
0.31	230	0.1%
0.32	230	0.1%
0.267	228	0.1%
Other values (2322)	167589	98.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10	< 0.1%
1.99e-05	2	< 0.1%
2.01e-05	6	< 0.1%
2.02e-05	5	< 0.1%
2.03e-05	14	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	20	< 0.1%
0.999	25	< 0.1%
0.998	38	< 0.1%
0.997	56	< 0.1%
0.996	67	< 0.1%

explicit
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

0	155490
1	14419

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	155490	91.5%
1	14419	8.5%

id
Categorical

UNIQUE

Distinct	169909
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

4Xn2RsLiDUDisOgJ24FigK	1
160gAhKZb7sGKlLwUUk8IX	1
42GcjriRK6srwHkfbkBqVl	1
53jB3gzKeMyvWWwmdqDq7S	1
5w23eYaDFKvK7RUTjkwQ56	1
Other values (169904)	169904

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4Xn2RsLiDUDisOgJ24FigK	1	< 0.1%
160gAhKZb7sGKlLwUUk8IX	1	< 0.1%
42GcjriRK6srwHkfbkBqVl	1	< 0.1%
53jB3gzKeMyvWWwmdqDq7S	1	< 0.1%
5w23eYaDFKvK7RUTjkwQ56	1	< 0.1%
5jk82X7QYlmur5m6BtK16v	1	< 0.1%
6uQlc0WC4jGIJhIKCIfHJo	1	< 0.1%
5UIOH9PExBSSdap717LrWI	1	< 0.1%
1kKYjjfNYxE0YYgLa7vgVY	1	< 0.1%
3Kmjjksjt9LXBapg8442NU	1	< 0.1%
Other values (169899)	169899	> 99.9%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	169909 ?
Unique (%)	100.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	22
Median length	22
Mean length	22
Min length	22

instrumentalness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	5401
Distinct (%)	3.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.1619371431
Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	46087
Zeros (%)	27.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0.000204
Q3	0.0868
95-th percentile	0.903
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0868

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.309328882
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.910178703
Kurtosis	1.119102571
Mean	0.1619371431
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.000204
Skewness	1.681508995
Sum	27514.57805
Variance	0.09568435726
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	46087	27.1%
0.917	196	0.1%
0.916	193	0.1%
0.913	189	0.1%
0.901	182	0.1%
0.904	179	0.1%
0.914	178	0.1%
0.911	177	0.1%
0.894	177	0.1%
0.922	176	0.1%
Other values (5391)	122175	71.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	46087	27.1%
1e-06	28	< 0.1%
1.01e-06	67	< 0.1%
1.02e-06	89	0.1%
1.03e-06	70	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	10	< 0.1%
0.999	13	< 0.1%
0.998	10	< 0.1%
0.997	3	< 0.1%
0.996	6	< 0.1%

key
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	12
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.200519101
Minimum	0
Maximum	11
Zeros	21499
Zeros (%)	12.7%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	5
Q3	8
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	11
Range	11
Interquartile range (IQR)	6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.515256798
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6759434452
Kurtosis	-1.272498752
Mean	5.200519101
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	0.004956029235
Sum	883615
Variance	12.35703036
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=12)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	21499	12.7%
7	20757	12.2%
2	18821	11.1%
9	17628	10.4%
5	16336	9.6%
4	12921	7.6%
1	12816	7.5%
10	12056	7.1%
8	10711	6.3%
11	10593	6.2%
Other values (2)	15771	9.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	21499	12.7%
1	12816	7.5%
2	18821	11.1%
3	7185	4.2%
4	12921	7.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	10593	6.2%
10	12056	7.1%
9	17628	10.4%
8	10711	6.3%
7	20757	12.2%

liveness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1741
Distinct (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.2066903494
Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	13
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0595
Q1	0.0984
median	0.135
Q3	0.263
95-th percentile	0.617
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1646

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1767964904
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8553688691
Kurtosis	4.91567912
Mean	0.2066903494
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.053
Skewness	2.145796305
Sum	35118.55057
Variance	0.03125699902
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.111	1843	1.1%
0.109	1639	1.0%
0.11	1628	1.0%
0.108	1620	1.0%
0.107	1527	0.9%
0.106	1496	0.9%
0.112	1472	0.9%
0.105	1467	0.9%
0.103	1380	0.8%
0.104	1377	0.8%
Other values (1731)	154460	90.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	13	< 0.1%
0.00967	1	< 0.1%
0.0101	1	< 0.1%
0.0103	1	< 0.1%
0.0116	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	< 0.1%
0.999	1	< 0.1%
0.998	2	< 0.1%
0.997	5	< 0.1%
0.996	3	< 0.1%

loudness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	25313
Distinct (%)	14.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	-11.3702893
Minimum	-60
Maximum	3.855
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-60
5-th percentile	-21.889
Q1	-14.47
median	-10.474
Q3	-7.118
95-th percentile	-4.096
Maximum	3.855
Range	63.855
Interquartile range (IQR)	7.352

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.66676463
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-0.4983835045
Kurtosis	1.911366406
Mean	-11.3702893
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.603
Skewness	-1.071208446
Sum	-1931914.485
Variance	32.11222137
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-7.436	27	< 0.1%
-7.006	27	< 0.1%
-7.632	26	< 0.1%
-9.298	26	< 0.1%
-8.32	26	< 0.1%
-6.942	26	< 0.1%
-11.815	25	< 0.1%
-8.789	25	< 0.1%
-7.566	25	< 0.1%
-11.451	25	< 0.1%
Other values (25303)	169651	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-60	9	< 0.1%
-55	1	< 0.1%
-54.376	1	< 0.1%
-51.123	1	< 0.1%
-51.08	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.855	1	< 0.1%
3.744	1	< 0.1%
2.799	1	< 0.1%
1.963	1	< 0.1%
1.83	1	< 0.1%

mode
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

1	120390
0	49519

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	120390	70.9%
0	49519	29.1%

name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	132940
Distinct (%)	78.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Summertime	62
Overture	43
Home	40
Stay	34
You	33
Other values (132935)	169697

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Summertime	62	< 0.1%
Overture	43	< 0.1%
Home	40	< 0.1%
Stay	34	< 0.1%
You	33	< 0.1%
I Love You	32	< 0.1%
Forever	32	< 0.1%
Heaven	31	< 0.1%
Angel	31	< 0.1%
Paradise	31	< 0.1%
Other values (132930)	169540	99.8%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	113437 ?
Unique (%)	66.8%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	255
Median length	18
Mean length	23.59821434
Min length	1

popularity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	100
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	31.55660971
Minimum	0
Maximum	100
Zeros	27357
Zeros (%)	16.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	12
median	33
Q3	48
95-th percentile	65
Maximum	100
Range	100
Interquartile range (IQR)	36

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.58261381
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6839332236
Kurtosis	-1.015000807
Mean	31.55660971
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	-0.02152701272
Sum	5361752
Variance	465.8092188
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	27357	16.1%
42	3280	1.9%
43	3120	1.8%
40	3061	1.8%
44	3054	1.8%
41	3016	1.8%
45	2945	1.7%
38	2900	1.7%
39	2868	1.7%
35	2858	1.7%
Other values (90)	115450	67.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	27357	16.1%
1	2254	1.3%
2	1449	0.9%
3	1200	0.7%
4	1074	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	1	< 0.1%
99	1	< 0.1%
97	1	< 0.1%
96	1	< 0.1%
95	4	< 0.1%

release_date
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	10882
Distinct (%)	6.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

1945	1449
1949	1254
1935	1123
1948	1052
1930-01-01	1047
Other values (10877)	163984

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1945	1449	0.9%
1949	1254	0.7%
1935	1123	0.7%
1948	1052	0.6%
1930-01-01	1047	0.6%
1940-01-01	1008	0.6%
1951	986	0.6%
1956	966	0.6%
1950-01-01	935	0.6%
1957	907	0.5%
Other values (10872)	159182	93.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	2828 ?
Unique (%)	1.7%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	8.191743816
Min length	4

speechiness
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1628
Distinct (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.09405769441
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.969
Zeros	148
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0281
Q1	0.0349
median	0.045
Q3	0.0754
95-th percentile	0.331
Maximum	0.969
Range	0.969
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0405

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1499373026
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.594099276
Kurtosis	19.37495526
Mean	0.09405769441
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0131
Skewness	4.235812784
Sum	15981.2488
Variance	0.02248119471
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0347	573	0.3%
0.0319	565	0.3%
0.0334	560	0.3%
0.0333	558	0.3%
0.0337	558	0.3%
0.0352	557	0.3%
0.0332	554	0.3%
0.034	553	0.3%
0.0336	550	0.3%
0.033	550	0.3%
Other values (1618)	164331	96.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	148	0.1%
0.0222	1	< 0.1%
0.0223	3	< 0.1%
0.0224	5	< 0.1%
0.0225	5	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.969	1	< 0.1%
0.968	3	< 0.1%
0.967	3	< 0.1%
0.966	17	< 0.1%
0.965	22	< 0.1%

tempo
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	84548
Distinct (%)	49.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	116.9480174
Minimum	0
Maximum	244.091
Zeros	147
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	74.2108
Q1	93.516
median	114.778
Q3	135.712
95-th percentile	174.4436
Maximum	244.091
Range	244.091
Interquartile range (IQR)	42.196

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	30.72693665
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2627401246
Kurtosis	-0.0766634995
Mean	116.9480174
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	21.11
Skewness	0.4485670215
Sum	19870520.68
Variance	944.1446362
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	0.1%
120	21	< 0.1%
119.989	18	< 0.1%
119.969	17	< 0.1%
120.005	17	< 0.1%
119.994	17	< 0.1%
120.012	17	< 0.1%
129.995	16	< 0.1%
120.011	16	< 0.1%
119.973	15	< 0.1%
Other values (84538)	169608	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	0.1%
30.946	1	< 0.1%
31.988	1	< 0.1%
32.466	1	< 0.1%
32.8	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
244.091	1	< 0.1%
243.507	1	< 0.1%
243.372	1	< 0.1%
238.895	1	< 0.1%
236.799	1	< 0.1%

valence
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1739
Distinct (%)	1.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.5320951423
Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	185
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0929
Q1	0.322
median	0.544
Q3	0.749
95-th percentile	0.938
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.427

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2624076309
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4931592304
Kurtosis	-1.05111691
Mean	0.5320951423
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.213
Skewness	-0.1240095725
Sum	90407.75354
Variance	0.06885776477
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.961	725	0.4%
0.962	598	0.4%
0.963	527	0.3%
0.964	467	0.3%
0.965	405	0.2%
0.96	388	0.2%
0.966	356	0.2%
0.967	311	0.2%
0.968	270	0.2%
0.559	254	0.1%
Other values (1729)	165608	97.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	185	0.1%
1e-05	75	< 0.1%
6.41e-05	1	< 0.1%
0.00049	1	< 0.1%
0.000537	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	3	< 0.1%
0.999	1	< 0.1%
0.998	1	< 0.1%
0.996	2	< 0.1%
0.995	1	< 0.1%

year
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	100
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1977.223231
Minimum	1921
Maximum	2020
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1921
5-th percentile	1934
Q1	1957
median	1978
Q3	1999
95-th percentile	2016
Maximum	2020
Range	99
Interquartile range (IQR)	42

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	25.59316763
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.01294399501
Kurtosis	-1.026207681
Mean	1977.223231
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	21
Skewness	-0.1327482874
Sum	335948022
Variance	655.0102294
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1970	2000	1.2%
1984	2000	1.2%
1968	2000	1.2%
1969	2000	1.2%
2019	2000	1.2%
1971	2000	1.2%
1972	2000	1.2%
1973	2000	1.2%
1974	2000	1.2%
1975	2000	1.2%
Other values (90)	149909	88.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1921	128	0.1%
1922	72	< 0.1%
1923	169	0.1%
1924	237	0.1%
1925	263	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2020	1756	1.0%
2019	2000	1.2%
2018	2000	1.2%
2017	2000	1.2%
2016	1969	1.2%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	acousticness	artists	danceability	duration_ms	energy	id	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	mode	name	popularity	release_date	speechiness	tempo	valence	year
0	0.995	['Carl Woitschach']	0.708	158648	0.1950	6KbQ3uYMLKb5jDxLF7wYDD	0.563	10	0.1510	-12.428	1	Singende Bataillone 1. Teil	0	1928	0.0506	118.469	0.7790	1928
1	0.994	['Robert Schumann', 'Vladimir Horowitz']	0.379	282133	0.0135	6KuQTIu1KoTTkLXKrwlLPV	0.901	8	0.0763	-28.454	1	Fantasiestücke, Op. 111: Più tosto lento	0	1928	0.0462	83.972	0.0767	1928
2	0.604	['Seweryn Goszczyński']	0.749	104300	0.2200	6L63VW0PibdM1HDSBoqnoM	0.000	5	0.1190	-19.924	0	Chapter 1.18 - Zamek kaniowski	0	1928	0.9290	107.177	0.8800	1928
3	0.995	['Francisco Canaro']	0.781	180760	0.1300	6M94FkXd15sOAOQYRnWPN8	0.887	1	0.1110	-14.734	0	Bebamos Juntos - Instrumental (Remasterizado)	0	1928-09-25	0.0926	108.003	0.7200	1928
4	0.990	['Frédéric Chopin', 'Vladimir Horowitz']	0.210	687733	0.2040	6N6tiFZ9vLTSOIxkj8qKrd	0.908	11	0.0980	-16.829	1	Polonaise-Fantaisie in A-Flat Major, Op. 61	1	1928	0.0424	62.149	0.0693	1928
5	0.995	['Felix Mendelssohn', 'Vladimir Horowitz']	0.424	352600	0.1200	6NxAf7M8DNHOBTmEd3JSO5	0.911	6	0.0915	-19.242	0	Scherzo a capriccio: Presto	0	1928	0.0593	63.521	0.2660	1928
6	0.956	['Franz Liszt', 'Vladimir Horowitz']	0.444	136627	0.1970	6O0puPuyrxPjDTHDUgsWI7	0.435	11	0.0744	-17.226	1	Valse oubliée No. 1 in F-Sharp Major, S. 215/1	0	1928	0.0400	80.495	0.3050	1928
7	0.988	['Carl Woitschach']	0.555	153967	0.4210	6OJjveoYwJdIt76y0Pxpxw	0.836	1	0.1050	-9.878	1	Per aspera ad astra	0	1928	0.0474	123.310	0.8570	1928
8	0.995	['Francisco Canaro', 'Charlo']	0.683	162493	0.2070	6OaJ8Bh7lsBeYoBmwmo2nh	0.206	9	0.3370	-9.801	0	Moneda Corriente - Remasterizado	0	1928-10-03	0.1270	119.833	0.4930	1928
9	0.846	['Seweryn Goszczyński']	0.674	111600	0.2050	6PrZexNb16cabXR8Q418Xc	0.000	9	0.1700	-20.119	1	Chapter 1.3 - Zamek kaniowski	0	1928	0.9540	81.249	0.7590	1928

Last rows

	acousticness	artists	danceability	duration_ms	energy	explicit	id	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	mode	name	popularity	release_date	speechiness	tempo	valence	year
169899	0.3710	['YoungBoy Never Broke Again']	0.623	161019	0.721	1	73C80fhriFzangrzWVO4Zp	0.000000	10	0.1090	-4.584	0	Rough Ryder	64	2020-04-24	0.3390	166.637	0.719	2020
169900	0.0452	['Kelly Clarkson']	0.655	216107	0.719	0	0o58NWBiVXewJNfNDKQyjw	0.000018	2	0.1090	-7.400	1	I Dare You	69	2020-04-16	0.0368	124.034	0.435	2020
169901	0.2640	['Meek Mill', 'Roddy Ricch']	0.744	167845	0.702	1	0j2CNrgtalXRGIvHMO2vzh	0.000000	7	0.1200	-6.255	0	Letter To Nipsey (feat. Roddy Ricch)	66	2020-01-27	0.2880	91.885	0.338	2020
169902	0.0227	['Trey Songz', 'Summer Walker']	0.619	194576	0.719	1	5QZ11AHm7xiytOGXGlxQi5	0.000000	0	0.0839	-4.111	1	Back Home (feat. Summer Walker)	69	2020-04-29	0.1570	86.036	0.351	2020
169903	0.2100	['LEGADO 7', 'Junior H']	0.795	218501	0.585	0	52Cpyvd2dKb6XRn313nH87	0.000001	8	0.1120	-4.451	1	Ojos De Maniaco	68	2020-02-28	0.0374	97.479	0.934	2020
169904	0.1730	['DripReport', 'Tyga']	0.875	163800	0.443	1	4KppkflX7I3vJQk7urOJaS	0.000032	1	0.0891	-7.461	1	Skechers (feat. Tyga) - Remix	75	2020-05-15	0.1430	100.012	0.306	2020
169905	0.0167	['Leon Bridges', 'Terrace Martin']	0.719	167468	0.385	0	1ehhGlTvjtHo2e4xJFB0SZ	0.031300	8	0.1110	-10.907	1	Sweeter (feat. Terrace Martin)	64	2020-06-08	0.0403	128.000	0.270	2020
169906	0.5380	['Kygo', 'Oh Wonder']	0.514	180700	0.539	0	52eycxprLhK3lPcRLbQiVk	0.002330	7	0.1080	-9.332	1	How Would I Know	70	2020-05-29	0.1050	123.700	0.153	2020
169907	0.0714	['Cash Cash', 'Andy Grammer']	0.646	167308	0.761	0	3wYOGJYD31sLRmBgCvWxa4	0.000000	1	0.2220	-2.557	1	I Found You	70	2020-02-28	0.0385	129.916	0.472	2020
169908	0.1090	['Ingrid Andress']	0.512	214787	0.428	0	60RFlt48hm0l4Fu0JoccOl	0.000000	0	0.1050	-7.387	1	More Hearts Than Mine	65	2020-03-27	0.0271	80.588	0.366	2020

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows